AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

Finance in agriculture is as vital as development of technologies. Technical inputs are purchased and employed by farmers on condition that decent cash (funds) is obtainable with farmers. Most of the days, farmers suer from the matter of inadequate monetary state. This case ends up in borrowing from a simple and comfy supply. Skilled cash lenders were the sole supply of credit to agriculture until 1935. They accustomed charge unduly usurious rates of interest and follow serious practices whereas giving loans and sick them. As a result, farmers were heavily burdened with debts and plenty of of them square measure lend with perpetuated debts. There have been widespread discontents among farmers against these practices and there have been instances of riots additionally. The role of agricultural credit as an element of production to facilitate economic process and development further because they ought to befittingly channel credit to rural areas for economic development of the poor rural farmers cannot be over stressed. Agriculture contributes immensely to the Nigerian economy in many ways, namely; within the provision of food for the increasing population; of adequate raw materials to a growing industrial sector; a serious supply of employment generation, interchange earnings; and, provision of a marketplace for the product of the commercial sector (Okumadawa, 2012; United Nations agency, 2011; Food Agricultural Organization, 2014). The agricultural sector features a robust

With over 65 percent of the world’s poor people in rural areas and most of them dependent on farming, agriculture is critical to world economic growth, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability (UNDP, 2012). Agriculture is vital in achieving global poverty reduction targets and it is still the single most important productive sector in most low income countries like most west African countries like Nigeria,in terms of its share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and almost always in terms of the number of people it employs (IDA, 2009). In Nations where the share of agriculture in overall employment is large, broad-based growth in agricultural incomes is essential to stimulate growth in the overall economy, including the non-farm sectors selling to rural people. Hence, the ability of agriculture to generate overall GDP growth and its comparative advantage in reducing poverty will vary from country to country (FAO, 2012). The majority of the poor and food insecure in West Africa live in rural areas, and most of them depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. To support broad-based poverty reduction and food security in West Africa, small holder agriculture must be a central investment focus (GARVELINK et al., 2012). The sheer size of agriculture in most African economies like Nigeria suggests that strategies designed to promote the early stages of economic growth cannot ignore agriculture. The promotion of the rural economy in a sustainable way has the potential of in

Survey was undertake to assess the Anambra state Tractor Hiring Company. The study adopted the use of a questionnaire and interview schedules, discussion and personal observation for primary data collection. The unit had a total of 15 tractors 10 Disc ploughs, 6 Disc harrow 6 Discridgers, and 3 trailers, all in good working conditionexcept for one non functional tractor (scrap). The unit was poorly equipped with fairly adequate shed and was under staffed with a maintenanceculture that is service driven. The unit had very few beneficiaries due to high cost of hiring, limited number of availabletractors to hire, delay in service delivery, delays in acquiring spare parts needed for repairs, in accessibility due to remoteness of farms and size of farm holdings, poor land clearing, unskilled tractor operators and administrative bottlenecks. It is recommended that an alternative shed be provide and the workshop should be properly equipped and it structure properly renovated, and in there should be adequate funding to it by the state government in order to help the unit serve the state better.

This research work examined the various uses of the high sea and sea beds, the various activities that are carried out in these maritime environments, the bodies and agencies that are responsible for implementing the related maritime laws and policies as it affect the global trades, and hence, produce a formal judgment on how these uses have benefited the maritime administration. This work further surveyed the High Sea and how maritime administration has influenced its activities positively and negatively, in line with different types of vessels for high sea transportation, Trades and related maritime investment, laws and treaties formulated for protection of maritime environments. It finally analyzes the local content with the international benchmark by carrying out survey using the Nigerian High Sea concession area (Atlantic Ocean) and maritime zones under international laws that are relevant to the research population. The researcher conducted a GPS analysis on multinational oil wells for CHEVERON, SHELL, ENI (AGIP), and MOBIL at their different oil tank farms. A field research was made on the satellite well and platform for oil export. Manifolding model was proposed for oil drilling and export. With an analysis based on the findings, it was empirically found that there exist about 92% profit margin and an added reduction in overall environmental pollution if this proposal is adopted.

Poultry are collection of birds raised commercially or domestically for meat, egg and feathers. Chickens, ducks turkeys and geese are of primary importance while guinea fowl and squabs (pigeons) are chiefly of local interest. These birds are source of income and food to the rarer. In the past only hens that could no longer produce eggs were killed and sold for meat but by the mid-20th century, meat production had outstripped egg. Production as a specialized industry (Encycloparredia Britaimca, 1988). Heavy breed poultry animals are used for meat white light bread chickens are primarily for the production of eggs (Mc Graw Hill encydopaedia 1992). The meat and eggs produced from poultry are important sources of dietary portion. In Africa, animal protein foods from all sources contribute between 7g and 15g daily per person to the total food intake (Oyenyga, 1974). Today, Poultry production in the country is increasing at a tremendous rate and yet cannot meet the demand because of population growth and the awareness created by the campaigns for the need of animal protein in the diet.

Title Page———i Certification——–ii Dedication———iii Acknowledgement——-iv Abstract ———vi Table of Content——–vii Chapter One 1.0 Introduction ——-1 1.1 Statement of Problem——4 1.2 Purpose of the Study——5 1.3 Significance of Study——8 1.4 Limitation——–9 1.5 Scope of Study——-11 Chapter Two 2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12 2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19 Chapter Three 3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22 3.1 Population ——–22 3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22 3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23 3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23 3.5 Data Analysis——-23 Chapter Four 4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24 4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25 4.2 Discussion of Results——38 Chapter Five 5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation –40 5.1 Summary——–40 5.2 Conclusion——–41 5.3 Recommendation——42 References ———45 Appendix 1——–47 Appendix ———50

Recognizing Nigeria’s tremendous Agricultural potentials, the government has accepted the view that the country should resolve to make agriculture the main source of living of the economy and to Enugu state. Agricultural development has to with the increase of the agricultural productivity to be able to generate substantial surpluses. The issues of surpluses lead to the issue of marketing because when they engage in large production, and then there will be surpluses left out. Production of surpluses should occur simultaneously with adequate processing and store it and make sure that the surpluses are waste. We find out that the surpluses, if they are not appropriately processed, it may bring about increase in the harvest losses which reduces the productivity and income in the agricultural sector (RUSEP 2002). Nigeria is currently the largest cassava producer in the world with estimated annual production of about 40 million metric tones. About 90% of this is however, consumed as food. Cassava is next to petroleum as major contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The presidential initiative on cassava has set in motion the process of achieving on annual basis 5 billion dollars from export of cassava. This plan also involves building of the domestic productive capacity to an efficiently, profitable and sustainable satisfaction to the new market demand with the quality and quantity required to realize the objective. One of the strategies put in place to realize this n

This project, compared three different oxidizing agents in the reduction of cyanide content of cassava wastewater in order to facilitate cassava wastewater degradation. Analysis of Variance was used to verify if there is a significant difference on their rates of reaction with cyanide. A second test using the Scheffé law was carried out to further investigate which of them reacts faster with cyanide if at all there is a significant difference on rates of reaction of Sodium Hydroxide, Chlorine and Water with cyanide. Some parameters like BOD5, Cyanide, COD and Coliform were analyzed also to support the investigation. From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is a better oxidizing agent for cassava wastewater pre – treatment since it results in greater removal of BOD5.

Yam and cassava production are major enterprises in agriculture and are becoming increasingly popular owing to greater appreciation of their food value. Yam and cassava are staple food crops, being the source of daily carbohydrate intake for a large populace of the world (FAO, 1990). The carbohydrates are mostly starchy in nature, found in storage organs, which may be enlarged roots or tubers (O’ Hair, 1990). Yam and cassava are the most important of all the arable food crops grown in the southern agro-ecological zones of Nigeria, closely followed, inorder of economic importance by maize and rice. They were regarded as food mainly for the poor, and hence played a very minor role in international trade. This misconception has lingered for so long because of lack of appreciation of the number of people who depend on these crops, and the number of lives that have been saved during famine or disasters by these crops (FAO, 1990). Yam and cassava are often the main dietary staple for low income consumers. They are grown by farmers as subsistence crops on small plots of land ranging from two to twenty hectares depending on the region. In Africa, yam and cassava are usually subsistence crops grown mainly as food, so the farmers keep sufficient to feed his family and sells only the surplus. However there is now a growing commercial market for them.

The studies on characterization of different type of adsorbent such as coconut shell activated carbon, activated carbon from groundnut and activated carbon from corncob has been performed. The characterization of the adsorbents includes estimation of various parameters such as bulk density, BET surface area, SEM, porosity, pH, iodine number and methylene blue number. Surface area of adsorbents was found by BET surface area analyzer. The pore structure of activated carbon was observed through SEM analysis. The porosity and pore volume was estimated using mercury porosimeter. The adsorbent that showed best surface properties was used for adsorption of methylene blue dye. Adsorption capacity of the activated carbon was determined to access its maximum potential for methylene blue removal.