ENGLISH EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

Since this research is basically on the stylistics of Achebe''s Arrow of God and Anthills of the Savannah, aiming at bringing to the fore areas of similarities and differences, the research methodology will largely be in the domain of discourse analysis, linguistic and stylistic analyses of the two texts. In order words, the research methodology of this project will not involve the use of questionnaire, interviews etc. All the textual samples derived from the texts will be subjected to linguistic, stylistic and discourse analyses.

However, there is a sense in which the use of this code can be justified. For Achebe, he writes to the Europeans to "re-write and right" the preconceptions about the African society and people, others may write in their indigenous language which is good but he prefers to write in English. In addition, this code can be adapted to suit the African context and imagination such that it at once retains its status and origin as a foreign code and also convey the writer's own peculiar experience. This therefore accounts for the use of language one finds in Things Fall Apart, Anthills of the Savannah, Purple Hibiscus, Arrow of God, Soyinka's Death and the Kings Horseman etc. One realizes with regards to these books that the writers have been able to achieve some sort of balance with respect to relating his imagination and sensibilities in the European language which he aims at.

Substantial amount of African literary works are adaptation of older classical, Elizabethan modern and even African playwrights. These adaptations show that writers admit to being influence by other playwright but not without elements of their creative imagination in most cases. What their creative imagination in their literacy work shows is that the claim that adaptation is akin to imitation is false. Thus this paper is a comparative study of J.P Clark’s The Raft and Femi Osofisan’s Another Raft as a literary adaptation the study brings out adaptations used in Femi Osofisan’s Another Raft from J.P Clark’s The Raft.

In the early days of some comparison between languages, some scholars had argued that there was such a strong linguistic affinity between Hausa and English numerals so much that the two languages could have common meaning and non- instinctive way of communicating ideas, emotion and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols. This is because any language is fundamentally a series of sounds which become meaningful only when those sounds are grouped together in certain definite arrangements (Olaye, 1982). Besides, just as languages must name things and talk about them, virtually all human languages (English and Hausa inclusive) count things. By this token, numeration is somewhat a universal phenomenon.

This work has dealt with the comparative study on some aspects of sociolinguistics in the novels: Things Fall Apart and Half of a Yellow Sun by Chinua Achebe and Chimamanda Adichierespectively. The two authors applied their linguistic, and social backgrounds for creative effects in their literary works. This creative ingenuity involves the English language, which has overwhelmed many languages because of its unifying function in nations with multilingual communities like Nigeria. The creative abilities of the authors have enabled them to manipulate the language to reflect their sociolinguistic environment. The research compared the two works by exploring the extent and the effectiveness in the use of direct translation, semantic extension, code-switching, proverbs, culturally dependent speech style, loan words, coinages, and hybridization. To do justice to this work, Labov’s Variability Theory and Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory by Michael Alexander Kirkwood Halliday were used because they are functional and contextually-based.

Pidgin English took a solid stand when slaves were freed in Sierraloen (Freetown), when they found themselves in Freetown and having no other language to speak than the English they know, and also considering the fact that most of them has lost their mother tongue as a result of slavery it was then, they started broking the white man’s language (English) into smaller segments in order to understand the message of one another, otherwise known as pidgin / broken English.

This research work is divided into five sections. Section 1- 5 and are referred to as Chapters wheel the last part deal with bibliography. The first chapter is background of the study, statement of the problem, statement of hypothesis, purpose of the study, significance of the study and lastly scope and limitation of the topic. The third chapter is concern with Data presentation and the methodology used in carrying out the research findings, population of the study, sampling techniques, source of data collection, tools of data collection, method of data analysis, All procedures followed in data collection are described. The fourth chapter deals with the data analysis. Some of these have been shown clearly in table form while the rest appear in sentences in the form of analysis. The fifth chapter being the last chapter of the research report is composed of the summary, conclusion and recommendation of the research report. The last part of the research work is the bibliography.

This research work entitled: “A Contrastive Analysis of Tiv and English Pluralisation Processes” discusses the fact that Tiv Language is still yearning for development as much is needed to study on Tiv Language. This is to help develop and standardize the language through orthograghy, morphology and phonology as at the present there is no central orthography for Tiv Language. This is more so that most of Tiv young generation does not know how to speak or write the Tiv Language. In doing this, the work has attempted to identifying the various morphological pluralisation processes and realizations that exist in Tiv and English Languages.

Turn-Taking in conversation varies from one language to another because Turn-Taking is usually bound by natural etiquettes attributable to the people‘s culture. Turn-Taking in Yorùbá conversation is no exception. It reflects to a large extent the culture of the Yorùbá People. Hitherto, politeness, honorific pronouns, greeting, proverbs, prayer etc. are major factors in Yoruba Turn-Taking. The major preoccupation of this work, however, is to examine how Yorùbá people take turns especially in a media settingwhere the interlocutors express themselves in their local dialects on weekly discussion topics. The greatest influence on this work is Sacks et al. (1974). Not only did Sacks and his associates pioneer the field of Conversation Analysis, their many discoveries about how interlocutors take turns successfully are still very relevant. The uniqueness of this research, however, lies in the analysis of Turn-Taking in Yorùbá conversation in juxtaposition with Sacks et al.‘s Turn-Taking which focuses only on how interlocutors take turns in American English conversation.

This definition of FPDA developed from the ideas of the formalist, Bakhtin (1981), and the poststructuralists, Derrida (1987) and Foucault (1980), in relation to power, knowledge and discourses. It has also been inspired by the feminist work of Walkerdine (1998), and Weedon (1997), among others. Baxter further illustrated that, theoretically, FPDA has definite connections and parallels with current versions of ‘feminist CDA’. He recognises that CDA is in no way a monolithic construct, but rather a multidisciplinary perspective drawing upon diverse approaches. As far as it is possible to generalise, both FPDA and feminist versions of CDA share a key principle: ‘the discursive construction of subjectivity’.