MICRO-BIOLOGY PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

The transmission of infection via fomites constitutes a major threat to public health especially in the developing countries. This study was carried out to investigate the microbial carriage and antibiotics pattern of bacteria on the door handles of campus shuttle operating in the Federal University of Technology Akure. Samples were randomly collected from a total of one hundred and fifty (150) door handles following standard laboratory techniques. Enumeration of the bacterial counts was carried out using pour plating technique while the bacteria isolates were identified using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The results show that the drivers’ door handles, front passengers’ door handles and back passengers’ door handles had overall mean aerobic bacterial counts of 195.56 ± 2.05 (x104cfu/ml), 228.08 ± 1.56 (104cfu/ml)and 176.92 ± 2.70 (x104cfu/ml) respectively.

This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from apparently healthy domestic livestock viz, cow, goats, and chicken from Akure, Ondo State Nigeria, E. coli was isolated using Eosin methylene Blue Agar (EMB) and identified by conventional microbiology technique. The isolate were tested against 14 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. A total of 42 different antibiotics resistance profile were observed with each isolate showing resistance to at least four or more drugs tested. Generally the E. coli isolates showed resistance rates of 93.8% to ampicillin, 16.% to chloramphenicol, 57.5% to cloxacillin, 75.5% to Erythromycin, 20% to Gentamicin, 60.5% to penicillin, 19.5% to streptomycin, 25.8% to Ceftazidine, 45.8% to Cefuroxine,22.2% to cefixine 30.6% to Loxacin, 65.9% to augmentin, 26% nitrofurantoin, 29.3% to ciprofloxacin, 70.3% to tetracycline. This study showed that averages number of resistance phenotypes per isolate was significantly higher for goat and cow compared with poultry. A significant public health concern observed in this study is that multi drug resistance commena E. coli strains may constitute a potential reservoir of resistance genes that could be transferred to pathogenic bacteria

This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichial Coli isolate from apparently healthy domestic livestock viz: cow, goats and chicken from Osun State Nigeria. E. Coli was isolated using Eosin methylene Blue Agar (EMB) and identified by conventional microbiological technique. The isolate were tested against 14 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. A total of 42 different antibiotics resistance profile were observed with each isolate showing resistance to at least four or more drugs tested. Generally, the E. coli isolates showed resistance rates of 93.8% to Ampicilin; 15.3% to Chloramphenicol, 52.7% to cloxacillin, 74.3% Erythromycin, 20.9% to Gentamicin, 53.8% to Penicillin, 17.7% to Streptomycin, 67.3% to Tetracyclin, 21.1% to Ceftazidine 70.7% to Cefuroxine, 20.5% to Cefixine, 28.8% to Ofloxacine, 58.6% to Augmentin, 27.2% to Nitorfurantion 27.3% to Ciprofloxacin.

This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichial Coli isolate from apparently healthy domestic livestock viz: cow, goats and chicken from Osun State Nigeria. E. Coli was isolated using Eosin methylene Blue Agar (EMB) and identified by conventional microbiological technique. The isolate were tested against 14 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. A total of 42 different antibiotics resistance profile were observed with each isolate showing resistance to at least four or more drugs tested. Generally, the E. coli isolates showed resistance rates of 93.8% to Ampicilin; 15.3% to Chloramphenicol, 52.7% to cloxacillin, 74.3% Erythromycin, 20.9% to Gentamicin, 53.8% to Penicillin, 17.7% to Streptomycin, 67.3% to Tetracyclin, 21.1% to Ceftazidine 70.7% to Cefuroxine, 20.5% to Cefixine, 28.8% to Ofloxacine, 58.6% to Augmentin, 27.2% to Nitorfurantion 27.3% to Ciprofloxacin.

Medicinal plants represent a rich source of anti microbial and many other drugs. The potentials of higher plants as source for new drugs is still largely unexplored. Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern (Westhet al., 2004). The clinical efficacy of many existing antibiotics is being threatened by the emergence of multi drug-resistant pathogens (Bandow, 2003). Many infectious diseases have been known to be treated with herbal remedies throughout the history of mankind. Natural products, either as pure compounds or as standardized plant extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. There is a continuous and urgent need to discover new antimicrobial compounds with diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action for new and re-emerging infectious diseases (Rojas et al., 1992). Therefore, researchers are increasingly turning their attention tolocal herbs, looking for new leads to develop better drugs against microbial infections (Benkeblia, 2004).

This work was aimed at assessing microbial coal of Idodo river in Enugu state Nigeria. The samples of river was obtained from the arc of low activity, and a place where human activities are very high. The samples were collected very early in the morning and afternoon. They were examined to determined the bacterial organisms that are pathogenic to man when they drink it from the samples were inoculated into media. Nutrient agar and macconkey agar media and incubate at the temperature range (350c - 370c). The following organisms were isolated. Streptococci faecalis ¬ clostridium Perfringens, Rhodococcis corphilus, Bifidobacteria, salmonella spp. The study shows that appropriate care should be taken to protect the river from being contaminated by these organisms. The quantity of pathogenic organisms collected were more in the afternoon.

The antibacterial activity of three type of medicate soap on staphylococcus aureus isolated from wound infections was conducted. Fifty individual with would infection within the age range of 9-73 years were sampled. Swabsticks were used to collect specimens from wound infection. each swabstick was streaked separately over plates of nutrient and macconkey agar and later incubated at 370c. out of the fifty (50) individuals sampled 25(50%) were mostly infected with staphylococcus aureus followed by pseudomonas acruginqu (22%) staphylococcus epidermis (10%) least by Exchericha coli b(12%)

An investigative study was carried out to determine the bacteriological qualities of borehole water samples in halls of residence in the University of Benin, Ugbowo Benin City. A total of five water samples were collected from the the various halls of residence in the school. Bacteriological analysis was carried out using standard methods. The total bacterial count was determined by pour plate technique and total coliform determined. Eight genera of bacteria which include Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp. and Alcaligenes spp. were isolated from the water samples.

Biobanks have during last two decades gained an important role in the whole process of biomedical research and health care not only in Europe but also worldwide. Biobanks are one of the pillars in personalised medicine tackling all its aspects such as prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring closely the specific characteristics of an individual patient. The current and future power of biobanks is the amount of samples of high-quality and related information available for current and future research of diseases, for optimising patients´ prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. The material stored in biobanks is a treasure for future technologies that will be able to utilise the currently uncovered information and knowledge. A great and growing number of samples and related information also opens new ways in how to tackle the big data problems and population studies. Biobanks play a substantial role in drug discovery, development and validation. Biobanks are not only an issue of biomedical research, but are becoming a public issue involving patients, to actively participate in biobanking with respect to ethical, legal and social issues. And, finally, biobanking as a multidisciplinary and modern field of science requires appropriate education at all levels of society. To be a world leader in the field of biobanking requires wide international and interdisciplinary collaboration. The topic-dedicated programmes released by the European Commission sustainably support

Safety of food is a basic requirement of food quality. A total of 25 street food samples (Jollof rice, egwusi soup, ugu, water leaf and green), were randomly purchased from five different vendors in Ogbete main market Enugu. The samples were transported in ice to the laboratory. The samples were bacteriologically analyzed using pour plate technique and sub-culture. Pour plate techniques was done by carrying out serial dilution of the sample after which the first tube and the last tube were picked and 1ml of each sample was pipette into a Nutrient agar, the plate was then incubated for 24 hours at 37oC after which the plate were examined for growth.