ABSTRACT
This
research work examined exploring the determinants of entrepreneurship among
graduate’s students in Nigeria. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect
data for this study. A total number of 65 students in both management and
Agricultural sciences in Delta State University Asaba Campus were sampled using
a structure questionnaire. The test for multiple means and the T-test for
independent means. We observed that back ground variable has no significant
impact on exploring the determination, desire and need for achievement,
Attitude, National pride and start up experience are positively related to
entrepreneurial intentions. We recommend that future research should consider
entrepreneurial intentions for graduate students in Nigeria and should also consider
what factors are related to and may impact individual behaviors. They should
also focus more than large population sizes to impact on background variables
which will help stimulate economic growth in Nigeria. Taking up a carrier as
entrepreneur and setting up a personal business can be an excitingly rewarding
experiencing for young persons. The present high rate of unemployment in
Nigeria’s economy should entrepreneurship an appropriate and attractive option.
It is widely accepted that the educational system of universities. It as to
provide as academic environment that many serve as a catalyst for high
technology start up. The factor that surrounds decision making frame of a young
Nigeria graduates who intends to pick up a carrier in entrepreneur in this
study set out to among others, determine the attitudes of young Nigeria
graduates towards becoming entrepreneurs, determine what control beliefs
influence their intentions.
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In recent years, entrepreneurship
education has been developing steadily but unevenly in most countries. In the
United State for example, which has been a trailblazer and leader in the field,
the last decade has been described as an important era, with a significant
increase in student interest (Fiet 2001a) the figure tend to support this
statement.
In
1971, only 16 colleges and universities in U.S. offered entrepreneurship
education program, while today, there are more than 800.
Entrepreneurship
is an under search topic in the social sciences and especially in economics. It
was not always so, Schumpeter discusses the role of the entrepreneurship in the
process of economic development at length. He imagine the entrepreneur as a
creative driven individual who find new combination of factors of production”
to discover and develop a new product, to apply strategy for a new market or design a new technology.
The
United States have a comparatively long tradition of fostering entrepreneurs at
universities and business schools. While the first entrepreneurship courses
were taught at Harvard Business School as early as the 1930s, this field has
seen increasing attention since the 1970s. By 1990, 400 universities in America
were already estimates exceed 700 (Vesper and Macmillan 1988: Hills and Morris
1988, Fiet 2001) progress in this field has thus been extremely impressive.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Throughout the world,
student in entrepreneurship as a career choice is growing Brenneret 1991, Hart
et Harrison, 1992, while interest in traditional professional employment in big
business is gradually declining (Kovereld 1996), the orientation and behaviours
of student and young graduates are influenced by a number of personal and
environmental factors.
Under
uncertainly, out came may be characterized by an expected value which
summarizes the potential out comes of the probability of their occurring. Business
profits are typically an uncertain function of the work effort extended by the
entrepreneur, with an expected profit level for each effort level surrounded by
a variance of profit outcomes due to the impact of unexpected changed in
consumer preferences competition price and product offerings, macro-economic
variables and so on.
This
profit variance introduces the role that additional remuneration for that
effort profit variance is considered by potential entrepreneurs who asses
stability (certainty of ensuring a pay check every month avoiding rise,
maintaining current life style) before
making a decision to set up a new venture (Amit, et al 1996) given the myriad
of factors that surrounds the decision making frame of a young Nigeria graduate
who intends to put a career in entrepreneur, it is imperative that answers be
found to the following questions. What are the attitudes influences, their
intention toward becoming entrepreneurs? What are the subjective norms
underlying their intention of becoming entrepreneur? What control beliefs
influence their intentions?
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.
To determine and stimulate the need for
achievement on entrepreneurial intentions.
2.
To encourage and determine the attitude of
young Nigeria graduates towards self employment.
3.
To determine entrepreneurial intention
towards Nigeria’s graduates
4.
To determine what control belief influence
their intention.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Economic theories of
entrepreneurship usually assume, not surprisingly, that entrepreneurs have
economic aspirations principally those of profit maximization. However, a few
early theories recognized that entrepreneurs may have non-economic aspirations
as well, such as the desire to innovation. The venture into areas untouched by
others, the desire to develop markets triumph over others in the market and
dynastic aspirations.
The
notion that entrepreneurs are embedded in a social framework is central to much
work by sociologists (Gramoveter, 1985). Furthermore, as Dyer and Handler
(1994) observe, entrepreneurial aspiration focus on entrepreneurial theories
tend to focus on entrepreneur at business entry rather than in the business
cycle.
In
general, the implication and application of the theory of planned behaviour in
the field of entrepreneurship and numerous and extremely promising. Some of the
theory’s implication are related to education and training. Since the early
1980’s researchers have been able to identify the role played by education and
teaching variables in the development of perceptions about the desirability and
feasibility of entrepreneurial behaviour.
In
recognition of the owning a business can
change one’s life, this paper guaranteed and inventory of economic psychological factors then can be used to
develop a model of the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
For the purpose of
the proper analysis of the subject matter the scope of the study is given in
two parts, the spatial and temporal scope. Spatially the study is limited to
young graduates in Nigeria. Temporally, it was conducted over a three week
period.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Entrepreneur: an
entrepreneur is a person who creates a new business in the face of risk and
uncertainty for the purpose of achieving profits and growth by identifying
opportunities and assembling the necessary resources to capitalize on them
Zimmerer and Scarborough (2002).
Proactive:
a
person controlling a situation by making things happens rather than waiting for
things to happen and reacting to them.
Autonomy:
this
is the ability to act and make decisions without being controlled by anyone
else.
Entrepreneurial
Behaviour: this
factor corresponds to the attitudes towards the behaviour, and is dependent on
beliefs relating to the behaviours positive or negative impacts.
Attitude:
the
way you think and feel about some body or something, the way that you behave
towards somebody or something that show how you feel.
Spatial:
this
is relating to space or position, size, shape etc. of things.
Temporal:
this
is a particular quality in one’s personality. This is a strong desire to have
or do some thing.