ABSTRACT
Technological advancement has cuts across all aspect of human
activities. However, it is on this platform that the need to minimize
or check water wastage arouse. Water is a free gift of nature but due
to its indispensability to human existence; it should be conserved for
the purpose of constant availability or sufficiency. Moreover, in order
to take a good care of this problem of wastage, there is need for the
construction of water level controller this will guide against
unnecessary wastage of water, for it will make a reasonable quantity of
water to be used a any time. In this project, effort has been made to
construct a water controller that is capable of controlling the
electric water pumping motor operation in regard o switching “ON” or
“OFF” at predetermined level of water in the storage tanks or
reservoirs. This project also gives the clarity of advantage of using
an automatic method of controlling water level over human or manual
control method.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content i
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Layout of reports
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Digital concept, logic gate symbol and truth table
2.2 The complementary metal oxide silicon
integrated circuits (CMOSIC)
- Resistor, capacitor and transistors
- Relay
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Units design calculation
3.1 The power supply unit
3.2 The rectifier stage
3.3 Power supply regulation and sensing/control unit
3.4 Switching circuit design calculation
3.5 Mode of operation
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Performance text and analysis
4.1 Casing and its diagram
4.2 Block diagram
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and recommendation
5.1 Bill of engineering measurements and evaluation (BEME)
5.2 References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Water is one of the most important natural resources that
need to be conserved, but the rate at which water is being wasted in
both he domestic and industrial activities is quite learning however,
in a bid to reduce this kind of wastage in some industries, effort has
been made towards the design of a “re – circulation system” in which
water that has been used is made to recycle and be used again for the
production processes.
In some homes is the make use of the overhead reservoirs,
there s the need to make use of electric motors for the purpose of
pumping water by electric motor in to these reservoirs stop usually
depends on the capacity of the reservoirs (that is the time at which
water fills the reservoirs to the brim) this however, usually brings
about “forced leakages” through the month of the overhead tanks or
reservoirs and hence, the whole environment or surroundings will become
flooded with waters. This is of course, an abnormal condition.
Moreover for this reason and others that will be
mentioned later, there arises the need to develop an efficient and
effective means of controlled the level at which water will be pumped
in the reservoirs in house and industries in order to reduce wastage of
water, loading at the environments and host of other. This a water
level controller that will be a supervisory system for monitoring the
level of water, which a particular reservoir can contain, needs to we
designed and constructed, such that when the water reaches the level at
which the probe detectors of the controller are set in the tanks, the
motor automatically stopped and alarm to indicate that the volume of
the water pumped is enough has to be incorporated.
1.1 MOTIVATION
Of all the existing method of water conservation ranging
from the privative manual control to the use of “float” to control the
pumped action of the electric motors, there has not been a complete
electronic method of control. In the manual control, bring compelled to
climb up to a reservoir in which water in being pumped by an electric
motor, in order to determined the level of the required water and for
which the motor should be stopped, be not the best way of using
qualified manpower. Besides, this offers a very tedious working
condition to the working personnel’s on the whole.
However; improper way of controlling the water level in
the overhead tanks or reservoir is contributing to the problem of water
wastage and environmental flooding which can lead to inconvenience for
the people around, damage of the property and other valuable materials
in homes and industries.
Hence, the real motivation in having this supervisory
unit equipment is based on its advantages of the ability to detect the
presence of water at a predetermined level and then controlling of the
pumping operation in basically completed electronic mode, the advantage
which reduces the problems associated age which reduces the problems
associated with improper way of water level centered.
1.2 LAYOUT OF REPORT
The report layout all the proceedings involve in the project from chapter one to chapter five.
- Chapter one discusses introduction, which covers the motivation.
- Chapter two deals with the literature review and the general knowledge of entire system .
- Chapter three is on the system design, calculation and mode of operation.
- Chapter four describes he constructions testing and problems encountered as well as the courses of the project.
Chapter five presents conclusion and the recommendation.