CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
MORAL
reasoning refers to the reasoning process by which human behavior,
institution s or policies are judged to be in accordance with or in
violation of moral standards. Moral reasoning always involves two
essential components;
An understanding of what reasonable
moral standards require, prohibits, value or condem;Evidence or
information that shows that a particular person, policy, institution, or
behavior has the kinds of features that these moral standards require,
prohibits, value or condem.
In many cases , one or more of the
three components involved in a persons moral reasoning are not
expressed. More often than not people
Will fail to make
explicit the moral standards on which their moral judgements are based.
The main reason that moral standards are often not made explicit is that
they are generally presumed to be obvious. People put more of their
efforts into producing evidence that a given policy, institution or
action conforms to, or violates their unexpressed standards than they
put identifying or explaining the moral standards on which their
judgementsrely.Failure to make ones moral standards explicit leaves one
vulnerable to all the problems created by basing critical decision on
unexamined assumptions.The assumptions may be inconsistent,they may have
no rational basis and they may lead the decision maker into
unwittingly making decision with undesirable consequences.
The research therefore seek to provide an appraisal of the nature and effect of moral development and reasoning
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
A
great deal of psychological research as well asones own personal
experience, demonstrate that as people mature they change their values
in very deep and profound ways.Just as peoples physical,
Emotional,
and cognitive ablilitiesdevelopes as they age so also their ability to
deal with moral issues developes as they move through their lives.
Infact ,just as there are identifiable stages of growth in the physical
development so the ability to make reasoned moral judgements also
develop in identifiable stages.
MORAL reasoning refers to
the reasoning process by which human behavior, institution s or policies
are judged to be in accordance with or in violation of moral standards.
Moral reasoning always involves two essential components;
An
understanding of what reasonable moral standards require, prohibits,
value or condem;Evidence or information that shows that a particular
person, policy, institution, or behavior has the kinds of features that
these moral standards require, prohibits, value or condem.
Studies
shows that as a child and during the adolescent period ,we internalize
moral values transferred to us by our parents, friends or group. It is
only as rational and experienced adults that we acquire the capacity to
critically reflect on the conventional moral standards bequeathed to us
by our families, peers, culture, or religion.We then begin to
rationally evaluate these moral standards and their consequences and to
revised them where they are inadequate,inconsistent, or unreasonable. We
begin to do ethics and our morality now increasingly consists of Moral
standard that are more impartial and that take account of the interest
of others or that more adequately balance taking care of othersWith
taking care of ourselves.The inability to understand and identify moral
standards as well as possess moral reasoning is a set back to making
decisions that are judged to
be of moral standard .
Therefore
the problem confronting this research is to provide an appraisal of the
nature and impact of moral development and reasoning
With a case study of selected students of the federal university of technology akure.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION
What is the nature and effect of moral development and reasoning
What
is the nature and effect of moral development and reasoning of
selected students of the federal university of technology Akure
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1 To determine the nature and effect of moral development and reasoning
2
To determine the nature and effect of moral development and reasoning
of selected students of the federal university of technology akure
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
study is significant in determining the importance of maturity in
decision making that have moral standards and implications.
As
moral development evolve through stages and that It is only as rational
and experienced adults that we acquire the capacity to critically
reflect on the conventional moral standards bequeathed to us by our
families, peers, culture, or religion.We then begin to rationally
evaluate these moral standards and their consequences
And to
revised them where they are inadequate,inconsistent, or unreasonable. We
begin to do ethics and our morality now increasingly consists of
Moral
standard that are more impartial and that take account of the interest
of others or that more adequately balance taking care of others
With taking care of ourselves.
1.6 STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS
1 Ho moral development and reasoning of selected students of federal university of technology Akure is low
Hi moral development and reasoning of selected students of federal university of technology Akureis high
2 Ho Quality of decisions of selected students in federal university of technology akure is low
Hi Quality of decisions of selected students in federal university of technology akure is low
3 Ho The impact of moral development and reasoning on selected students of federal university of technology akure is low
Hi The impact of moral development and reasoning on selected
students of federal university of technology akure is high
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
study profersan appraisal of the nature and effect of moral development
and reasoning , it analyses the nature of moral development and moral
reasoning and elucidates on its significance. It provides a case study
on selected students of the federal university of technology akure to
determine their
Moral development and reasoning and the effect it has on their quality of decisions.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
MORAL DEVELOPMENT DEFINED
A
great deal of psychological research as well as ones own personal
experience, demonstrate that as people mature they change their values
in very deep and profound ways.Just as peoples physical, Emotional, and
cognitive ablilitiesdevelopes as they age so also their ability to deal
with moral issues developes as they move through their lives. Infact
,just as there are identifiable stages of growth in the physical
development so the ability to make reasoned moral judgements also
develop in identifiable stages. moral development evolve through stages
and that It is only as rational and experienced adults that we acquire
the capacity to critically reflect on the conventional moral standards
bequeathed to us by our families, peers, culture, or religion.We then
begin to rationally evaluate these moral standards and their
consequences
And to revised them where they are
inadequate,inconsistent, or unreasonable. We begin to do ethics and our
morality now increasingly consists of
Moral standard that are
more impartial and that take account of the interest of others or that
more adequately balance taking care of others
With taking care of ourselves.
MORAL REASONNING DEFINED
MORAL
reasoning refers to the reasoning process by which human behavior,
institution s or policies are judged to be in accordance with or in
violation of moral standards. Moral reasoning always involves two
essential components;An understanding of what reasonable moral standards
require, prohibits, value or condem;Evidence or information that shows
that a particular person, policy, institution, or behavior has the kinds
of features that these moral standards require, prohibits, value or
condem.
ETHICS DEFINED
Ethics refers
to the principles of and standard of moral behavior that are accepted by
society as right versus wrong. To make the right choice, or at least
the best choice from among competing alternatives, individuals must
think through the consequences of their actions. Ethics can be defined
as a set of
Principles of right conduct.it can also be
defined as a theory or a system of moral values.Business ethics is the
the application of moral standards to business situations.
MORALITY
Morality is defined as the standard s that an individual or group has about what is right and wrong or good and evil
BUSINESS
Business
is an any activities that involves the production ,buying ,selling and
exchange of goods and services of a commercial and economic nature to
satisfy customer needs and make profit.
CODE OF CONDUCT
A code of conduct is a written statement setting forth the principles that guide an organisations decision
Stake holder
A stake holder is any group or individual who can affect it or is affected by it.
LEGITIMACY
LEGITIMACY
is defined as a generalized perception or assumption that the actions
of an entity are desirable, proper or appropriate within some socially
constructed system of norms, values, beliefs and definitions