ABSTRACT Samples of water from the
different hostels in campus II and other source of water production
namely Ajali-owa water, from bore hole 9th mile and spring water from
GRA water board were water collecterd and analysed using total plate
count and multiple tube fermentaton techniques coliform. The results
shows no coliforms in production water from Ajali-owa and in GRA spring
water reservaiour and no coliform in 9th mile bore hole water, 14
organism and 149 cfu/ml plate counts were obtained from tap water in IMT
campus II hostel 7 coliform and Tocful / ml plate count from well water
and 28 coliform and 280 cfu/ml plate count from spillage waste water.
These results obtained show that tap water consumed in IMT campus II
did not meet with NAFDAC and WHO standards. Preventive measures such as
proper treatment of these water should be encourage and all pipes in
campus II should be checked for leakages
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1 Aims / objectives of the study
1.2 Statement of problems
1.3 Hypothesis
1.4 Scope of limitation
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
2.1 The major group of biological Pollutions of water
2.2 Source of water supply
2.3 Source of water pollution
2.4 Treatment of water sample
2.5 International standard for drinking water
2.6 Diseases from water
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials & methods
3.0 Materials
3.1 Media preparation
3.2 Collection of samples
3.3 Collection of samples
3.4 Methods of water analysis
3.5 Determination of PH
3.5.1 Determination of bacteria of the coliform
3.5.2 Culture techniques
3.5.3 Plate count technique
3.5.1 Presumption coliform (multiple tube fermebtation
3.5.4 Confirmatory test
3.5.5 Completed test
3.5.6 Test for indole
3.5.7 Methyl red test
3.5.8 Sugar test
3.5.9 Oxidase test
3.5.10 Catakase test
3.5.11 The slide cougulase test
3.5.12 Gram stain techniques
3.5.13 Detection of faecal stredtococci
3.5.14 Detection of escherichi coli test
3.5.15 Organism suspected after gram staining
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion
CHAPTER SIX
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Recommendation
References
AppendixCHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Water
is a liquid mineral. It consist of two atoms of hydrogen combined with
one atom of oxygen. Water is a tasteless, odourless and colourless
mobile liquid except in large volume where it appears blue. It has a
melting point of OoC (320f) and a boiling point of 1000C (2120f). water
is a basic necessity of life, in the absence higher animals survive
only but a few hours or days. It has several uses such as washing
cooking, food processing ,swimming, and among others. Out of
these uses, drinking of water seems to be the most sensitive
as it could have a direct deleterious impact on health of
human beings.
Therefore, drinking water should be potable free diseases, or toxic substance (Beren 1991) .
Water is portable when it is colourless. Odourless, or tasteless and
also free from poisonous, corroding, staining substances as well as
disease casuiong oirganisms (Cruich 1972). The problem of providing
safe and adequate water is as old as life on earth. Water can be made
unifit or unsafe for drinking it contamination occurs either by nature
or activities of human beings.
Perhaps the
greatest danger associated with drinking water is contamination by
human excrement (Forest 1979). In most cases, the
pollution/contamination is hardly severe and is not particularly
detrimental to health.
Thus a few substances and
microbes that are health hazard do occur in water, and can cause illness
or even death. From microbiological point of view, the pathogens most
frequently transmitted through water supply ranges from ultrasmall virus
to the microspic bacteria and relatively large cysts entemoeba
instolytica. These organism cense infectrons of intestinal trach, when
consumed censing amebic dysentery, and Gardia lamblia is a protozoa
responsible for Giadiasis. Defective plumbing for example was the cause
of out break during the world fair in Chicago 1933 (Garelick 1987)
water borne disease cause acute diarrhoe, often last 2-3 months. The
most common water borne disease can be by bacteria includes typhoid
fever, paratyphoid. Asiatic cholera and bacteria dysentery.
Other disease that may be transmitted by water include brucellosis,
shige /losis, these disease are consuming. Untreated water (Hetolett
1921) various countries of the world and the world Health organisation
(WHO) has set up standards for water quality against which the level of
pollution can be assessed. The world Health organization (WHO) National
Agency for food and Drug Administration control (NAFDAC), standard for
potable water include the following, that in 100ml of water coliform
bacteria should be absent, total plate count of bacteria growth should
be 100 CFU/ML of water. Hence the sanitary Quality of water should not
be over looked since contaminated water can cause health hazards when
consumed.
According to guideline for drinking water quality of WHO (1998)
TABLE 1
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION STANDARD FOR DRINKING WATER
PH
5.0 – 9.0
COLOUR
15 Hazen unit
Dissolved solids
500 mg/l
Total Hardness
500 mg/l
Calcium
75 mg/l
Iron
0.3 mg/l
Chloride
200 mg/l
Nitrate
45 mg/l
Coliform
10 colonies
1.1 AIMS / OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objective of this projects is to make comparative analysis of Enugu
state water cooperation provide against supplies.
To identify contamination microbial advice on measures to control pollution of water bodies etc.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The
treated water produced by Enugu state water co-operation could be
contaminated by defective plumbing which cause the rush of water out of
the pipe forming pull mixed with sewage matters. The pull eventually
suck back through the burst pipe into the pipe line being distributed to
various location and collected as drinking water.
1.3 HYPOTHESIS
H.O: there
is difference in the microbial load of water from Enugu state water
operation at point of production against the load as the point of supply
and consumption.
HI: There is statistical
differences between the microbial load of water from the Enugu state
water co-operation as the production point against the load as supply
and consumption point.