ABSTRACT
This research work involves the improvement
of the engineering properties of laterite soil by stabilization with quarry
dust on fines. The laterite used for this research work will be collected at
Osogbo. The sample will be subjected to laboratory tests at the Civil
Engineering Department Laboratory Futa, Akura and Osun State Ministry of Works
and Transport, Osogbo. The tests will be carried out on both the natural sample
and the improved sample and will include: moisture content, specific gravity,
grain size distribution, Atterberg’s limits, compaction and California Bearing
Ration (CBR) tests both before adding quarry dust and after adding a varying
percentage and proportion of quarrying dust. The result of natural sample and
improve sample indicate that it could be used to alter and make up for the
deficiencies in the particles sizes. If the laterite thereby increasing the
potential for use as base material. The result of moisture content is a
decrease on the optimum moisture content for laterite cement mixture as the
quarry dust content increases. This because the quantity of laterite that
contains clayey particles, which requires water for the bonding action is
reducing thereby needing less water for hardening . the result on consistency
limits decrease in the consisting properties, quarry dust alter, the graduation
of the laterite while cement is used to bind the mixture together, which in turn
reduces the liquid limit, plastic limit, linear shrinkage of the resulting
mixture. The result (CBR) is the clay fraction in the mixture is decreased due
to increase in quarry which earlier on was done by the clay fraction at lower
percentage of quarry dust on the laterite quarry dust mixtures. The granite in
the quarry dust adds strength and rigidity to the mixtures the quantity of the
quarry dust increases.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
Title page i
Dedication ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement iv
Certification v
Table of Content
vi
List of Tables ix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
1.3 Aim
and Objectives
1.4 Significance
of the Study
1.5 Scope
of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Preamble
2.2
Soil improvement techniques or stabilization
2.2.1
Types of improvement techniques or stabilization
2.2.2
Types of chemical stabilizers
2.3
Quarry fines or dust
2.3.1
Components of quarry dust
2.3.2
Uses of quarry dust
2.4
Clay
2.4.1
Groups of clay
2.4.2
Uses of clay
2.5
Soil
2.5.1
Soil profile
2.5.2
Clay and quarry fines stabilization
2.6 Review of literature
CHAPTER THREE
PROJECT METHODOLOGY
3.1
Method of study
3.2
Collection of sample
3.3
Preparation of soil sample
3.4
Laboratory test on soil sample
3.5
Sieve analysis (BS1377: Part 2, 1990)
3.6
Natural moisture cement test
3.7
Specific gravity test
3.8
Atterberg’s limit (Bs1377:Part2, 1990) WAS
3.8.1
Liquid limit test (BS1377:Part2, 1990)
3.8.2
Plastic limit test (BS1377: Part2, 1990)
3.8.3
Shrinkage limit test (BS1377:part2, 1990)
3.9
Composition test (BS1377:Part 4, 1990)
3.9.1
British standard method of compaction
3.10
California Bearing ratio (CBR) Test (BS1377:Part 4,
1990)
3.11
Laboratory tests on the stabilized soil samples
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
Identification of sample
4.1.1
Oxide composition analysis
4.2
Additive on consistency limits of cement stabilized
4.3
Additive on optimum moisture content and maximum dry
density of cement stabilized
4.4
Unconfirmed compressive strength of cement stabilized
4.5
Additive on durability of cement stabilized
4.6
Additive on the California
bearing ratio of cement stabilized
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
Conclusion and recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
References
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1 Description of soil types
Table 4.2 Test results of natural sample
Table 4.2.1 Result of chemical analysis of cements and
quarry dust
Table 4.3 Variation of immersion in water on UCS
of quarry dust cement mixture
Table 4.4 Maximum
density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) of sample of cement and quarry
dust combination.
Table 4.5 Variation
consistency limit with quarry dust in the cement stabilized sample.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
During
the last decade, the global demand for indigenous laterite soil has continued
to increase. This growing demand has generated interest in the use of red
tropical soils for road materials especially in the developing countries. There
have been several cases of pavement failures due to poor laterite materials.
Hence, it calls for improvement of the engineering properties of laterite soil
to improve compressive strength and durability. The red soil which is in
abundant supply in Nigeria,
poes unique challenges.
The
use of this as a road material is encourage by several advantages such as:
(i)
The vast abundance of this soil
(ii)
The relative cheapness of this soil
(iii)
Reduction in the foreign exchanges used in buying
imported road materials
(iv)
It enhances high rate of road construction
Despite
the advantages, the use of this soil as a road material has not been fully
utilized. This is because there has not been much research into the ways by
which the bearing capacity of the soil can be improved.
The
increasing growth in population and the corresponding increase in demand for
road construction in Nigeria
during the last two decades have generated increased interest in the ways by
which the strength properties of laterite can be improved.
1.2 AIM
AND OBJECTIVES
The
aim of this project is to assess the effects of quarry dust on the engineering
properties of lateritic soil.
The
underlying objectives are to:
1.
Investigate the natural engineering properties of
lateritic soil samples
2.
Study the effort of the lateritic soil on the quarry
dust
3.
Determine the feasibility of using quarry dust as
lateristic soil stabilize
4.
Determine the optimum improvement quantity and
proportion needed for improving lateritic soil with quarry dust.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The
need for the study is to provide maximum improvement effects of quarry dust on
latarite. It is necessary for civil engineering professionals to know the
effect of quarry dust additive on latarite.
Also,
a lasting solution may be provide to the constant road failure due to poor
grade, sub-base and base course materials.
1.4 STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
Today,
various pavement distresses have been observed on the road due to use of poor
lateritic materials for road construction. Researches on the effect of quarry
dust (additive) on laterite was only done to a certain extents.
Time
restraint is one of the problems impeding detailed research work on the use of
quarry dust additive for improving soil. Research work was done to a certain
stage due to lack of sufficient time.
1.5 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
The
scope of the study essentially centered on the use of quarry dust for improving
lateriitc soil.
The
study is limited only to analysis of lateritic soil collected from Osogbo town.
It involves carrying out various laboratory tests such as Atterbergs limit,
Compaction and C. B. R test on the soil before and after the addition of the
quarry dust.