ABSTRACT
In thus work the incidence of candidacies was
studied using selected patients of university of Nigeria teaching hospital
Enugu analyzed for the presence of candidacies yeast infection. The specimens
were cultured on seaboards agar and blood agar and subculture isolated were C
aibicans C Tropical C
Knusei C Pseudoizo P cals C paraknusei and C stellatoides. The prevalence of candidacies among
patients of UNTH was monitored in
terms of level of occurrence and microbial types. Also the prevalence of
candidicesis infection was 40% samples
under study.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Title page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1:1 introduction
1.
Aim
and objectives
2.
Statement
of problem
3.
Singnificant
of study
4.
Scope
of study
5.
Limitation
6.
Hypothesis
CHAPTER TWO
1.
Literature
Review
CHAPTER THREE
1.
Methodology
2.
Sterilization
of methodology
3.
Population
sample
4.
Preparations
of culture media
5.
Collection
of samples
6.
Identification
of isolates
7.
Antibiotle
sensitivity disc testing
CHAPTER FOUR
1.
Results
CHAPTER FIVE
1.
Recommendation
2.
Conclusion
3.
Reference
4.
Appendix
LIST OF TABLE
Table I
Age distribution and incident of candidacies.
Infection among single and married women of different age group patients unit
Table II
Diameter of zone of l one of inhibition of the
organisms with each antibiotic after 24
hours incubation
Table III
Antimicrobial senses pattern of organisms isolated
Table IV
The protein of 80 urine sample detected with
aibustixstrips.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Candeda: This
is a yeast like fungi several of which cause disease in man about 90% of
infection are to candida albicans, which is normally present in mouth,
intestine and veginal it is responsible
for the infection in the sites defense mechanisms (carousal 1990)
Candida abbacies usually appears as oval yeast like
cell that reproduce by budding however in infected areas. Filamentous hyphare
plus pseudolyphae (which consist of elongated yeast cells that remain attached
to each other many also be seen the yeast is easily grown at 250c 40 37 0c
on sabouraudis glucose agar and if grown on cor a meal agar at 250c the
organism can produce many characteristic thick walled chlamydospore Van
leeuweuhoed (2 000) candida albicans is measured about 2.5 to 4.0 wm in diameter
which can gives rise to pseudomycellun, in the body it has no sexual form the
body it has no sexual form in poor medic at
temperature of 2b0c it produces thick wall and
resting cells is about 7 to 17 m in test positive in maminaliam serum it has the
ability to split urear. it is pathogenic to rabbits. guinea Pig s and with where it cause abscesses in the kidney
when give intran Veroush (Eleke, 2002).
Oral candidacies oral candidacies also called oral
thrush) occurs and most frequently in
the new born and is probably acquired during passage through and infected vagina the yeast appears as a creamy grade
membrane covering the tongue and appears able to produce disease only
because of the absence of their
resident normal flora (Prescott et al; 1994) if thrush has not occurred by the
3rd day of life it is likely that it will appear but it should occur which will
usually disappear without treatment as
other members of the normal flora are acquired
Oral thrush in order children or Adults may occur as
a result of endocrine disturbance or
ceutaninosis (Particularity a deficiency of rib flauin as a complication of
diabeta, as a result of poor oral
hyepene or following the administration of corticosteroides or autibutics oral
thrush also occur in bottle feed infants which the magnification of my white
patches cowering red raw areas of mucous manbrance vanities , vagines cendiass
is seen most frequents in women with diabetes, milieus deny pregnamai or
following prolonged antibiotic therapy. The prominent symptom is a yellow,
milk, veginals discharge yeast cells and pseudo my cell can be found on the
mucous membrane and such infections may result in an intense inflammation of
the entire ingunal area according to Atlas 199: 13) he state vaginal thrush in
pregnant women are susceptible here with
production of whish discharge with a pH below 5.2. Alimentary candidacies.
Alimentary candidacies may follow essentially any of the predisposing
conditions listed for adult oral thrush; however the majority of cases occur as
a result of prolonged broad
spectrum antibiotics therapy
which destoirys a large part of the normal flora of the intestine. The
organisms may also cause interse inflammation of the parinal region the region
around the arws and may spread to the and thing
coetaneous are systemic candidacies infection of the skin by Candida
usually occurs in those with metabolic disorders in those whose obesity result
in continuously most tools of skin or in persons in whom part of the body are
kept moist under surgical dressings According to Prescott et al (1999, 18) systemic candidacies is exlvecnely but in
debilitated person or those receiving immuno suppresure drugs sandida albicans
can cause urinary trait infection endocarditis and meningitis chronic mucocutaneous
candidiasis is also a rare syndrome in which the skin mucous membranes hair and nails become infected, such
infections appears to occur in persons with T. cell defects manifested by their
inability to respond to Candida certigens, in addition to vaging yeast
infections the acid environment of the veginal and the proliferation of normal
vaginal bacterial limited its growth
when the environment of the vegina changes, situations that change the
environment of the birth control pills.
Which often change the vaginal pH or taking bread spectrum cutibioties such as
tertiary cline which kills the normal vaginal bacteria in addition, patients
with Aids of uncontrolled eddiabetes often develop yeast infections.
1.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence of fugal infection among
the patients of UNTH Enugu
To determine the prevalence of fungal infection
among single and married women of different age group patient
To determine the yeast type involved.
To determine the autimicrobial sensitivity pattern
of isolates involves.
1.
SCOPE OF STUDY
This research work is limited to only patients of
single and married women of different a group in hematology laboratory in
university teaching hospital Enugu. The work was carried out with the use the
necessary material such as early morning urine, HVS swab samples which was
collected from those women vaginal
1.
LIMITATION
In carrying out the research work. It was so stressful for me in area like buying
of my material. I used for my practices that very costly I also went to
different markets to get what I want then in carrying out my particle it was
not easy for me also the money I was ask
was not enough for due buying of
book s and transporting price that is not steady also I found it very
difficult to use university teaching hospital
Enugu library
1.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Candidiasis has caused a lot of problem in our
societies this days because of has the nature of the disease look like such as
the discomfort it causes to people like itching which causes a lot of
embrcincement to people publicly
Secondary the to candidiasis cause frequented
urinating people that are suffering from the disease will not found it easy to
stay in a public for a long time without beivery disgrace by this infection
another problem with this infection is when it stays long in the body it will make
the person that is suffering from it to be smelling due to severe discharge.
1.
SINGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The study of this research topic will provide more
constructor frame work to formation or creating a way of Eradicating the
infection ( candidiasis it also help to
educate people the cause and consequence of the infection candidacy. It
will also help the communities to know the risk of staring thing that makes
people to contact the disease, it will also help to provide precaution measure
that will help in preventing the infection.
finally this research work will help to reduce the
high rate of the disease occurrence and gives an insight into our communities
1.
HYPOTHESIS
H0 The
infection (candidiasis) is more prevalent in single women than married women
H1 The
infection (candidiasis) is more prevalent in married women than in single women
H2 pregnancy
is one of the factors that can change the pH or taking broad spectrum
antibiotics.