the experimental study of self compacting using plantain leaf fish

ABSTRACT

Self-Compacting Concrete is an innovative concrete that does not require vibration for placing and compaction. It is able to flow under its own weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full compaction, even in the presence of congested reinforcement. The hardened concrete is dense, homogeneous and has the same engineering properties and durability as traditional vibrated concrete. Plantain leaf ash are waste and are causing threat to environment in terms of odour and to reduce this problem of this material the project has been undertaken so that it can be used for construction fashion following points attempted

i.                    To study the properties of Plaintain leaf ash

ii.                 To blend to mix or replace cement by different % of Plaintain leaf ash

iii.               To prepare the concrete by replacing the cement by Plaintain leaf ash

iv.                To study the comparativeness

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.7.0  PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESS OF SCC

1.8.0      PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.8.1      SCC POTENTIAL BEYOND CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE

1.8.2       SCC AND MEASUREMENT OF ITS FLOW PROPERTIES

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW     

CHAPTER THREE 

3.0      EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

3.1.0  GENERAL    

3.2      INSTRUMENTATION                                

3.3      MATERIALS

3.4      PRELIMINARY TEST        

3.5      WORKABILITY TEST METHOS

3.5.1   ABRAM SLUMP CONE TEST                             

3.5.2  SLUMP FLOW AND T₅₀₀ TEST    

3.5.3  V-FUNNEL TEST

3.5.4  L-BOX TEST 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0  RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1  MIX PROPORTION

4.2   WORKABILITY TEST METHOD

4.2.1  V-FUNNEL TEST

4.2.2  L-BOX TEST

4.3.0   OBSERVATION AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 PLANTAIN LEAF ASH IN SCC

5.2 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF SCC WITH NCC

5.3 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS OF SCC

5.4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES

PLATES

APPENDIX

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.5- Chemical composition of O.P.C and plantain leaf ash                           49

Table 3.6- Chemical composition of super plasticizer                                              50

Table 3.7- Particle size distribution of fine aggregate                                              51

Table 3.8- Particle size distribution of coarse aggregate                                        52

Table 3.9- Mixture proportions for plantain leaf ash SCC in kg                             52

Table 4.0- V-funnel test result of SCC with plantain leaf ash                                  53

Table 4.1- L-Box test result of scc with plantain leaf ash                                         53

Table 4.2 – Compressive strength results                                                                    54

Table 4.3- EFNARC Requirement for workability                                                    55

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 1 -  Graph showing particle size distribution of fine aggregate                      56

Fig 2 -  Graph showing particle size distribution of coarse aggregate                56

Fig. 4 – Graph showing V-Funnel test result on plantain leaf ash                          57

Fig. 5 – Graph showing L-Box test result on plantain leaf ash                                 57

Fig. 6-  Relationship between compressive strength of NCC and SCC                 58

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     INTRODUCTION TO SCC

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), a relatively new category of high performance concrete, is proportioned in such that the concrete freely passes around and through reinforcement, completely fills the formwork and consolidates under its own weight without segregation. The high flowability of SCC makes it possible to fill the formwork without vibration

[Khayat, 1999;Khayat et al., 2004]. 

Developed in Japan in the late 1980’s  [Ozawa, et al., 1989], SCC has been a topic of research and development in many locations, especially in Japan and Europe  [Ouchi, et al., 2003]. SCC has been successfully used in numerous applications where normal concrete is difficult to place and consolidate due to reinforcement congestion and difficult access. Precast, prestressed bridge elements, such as AASHTO Type III girders, have congested reinforcement and tight dimensional geometry, and therefore can benefit from the use of SCC. 

Three basic characteristics are required to obtain SCC: high deformability, restrained flowability and a high resistance to segregation  [Khayat, et al., 2004].  High deformability is related to the capacity of the concrete to  deform and spread freely in order to fill all the space in the formwork.  It is usually a function of the form, size and quantity of the aggregate, and the friction between the solid particles, which can be reduced by adding a high range water-reducing admixture (HRWR) to the mixture. Restrained flowability represents how easily the concrete can flow around obstacles, such as reinforcement, and is related to the member geometry and the shape of the formwork.  

Segregation is usually related to the cohesiveness of the fresh concrete, which can be enhanced by adding a viscosity-modifying admixture (VMA) along with a HRWR, by reducing the free water content, by increasing the volume of paste, or by some Combination of these factors.  

Two general types of SCC can be obtained: 

(1)  Concrete with a small reduction in the coarse aggregate, containing a VMA.

(2)  Concrete with a significant reduction in the coarse aggregate content without any VMA.  

SCC has been claimed to offer many advantages for the precast, prestressed industry including elimination of noise and problems related to concrete vibration, lower labor cost per member, and faster casting, thereby increasing productivity. Due to the low water-cement ratio, SCC should have improved to durability and strength.  

Generally, SCC contains a higher cementitious materials and  lower water-cement ratio than conventional concrete, and so can provide relatively high strength.  The paste usually includes fly ash, slag, silica fume, or other supplementary cementitious materials, or an inert filler such as limestone powder. The paste content of SCC is also relatively high, with a reduction in the size and quantity of coarse aggregate. These factors are typically associated with increased creep and shrinkage, and may be related to a reduction in elastic modulus. 

 WHAT IS SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC)?

It is a concrete that can be compacted by its own weight and fills every corners in the formwork and the placing can be done without vibrating compaction. In the plastic state it is very homogenous, cohesive and very flowable.

1.1     WHY IT IS NEEDED?

Concrete is a versatile material extensively used in construction applications throughout the world. Properly placed and cured concrete exhibits excellent compressive-force-resisting characteristics and engineers rely on it to perform in a myriad of situations. However, if proper consolidation is not provided, its strength and durability could be questionable. To help alleviate these concerns, Japanese researchers in the late 1980’s developed a concrete mixture that deformed under its own weight, thus filling around and encapsulating reinforcing steel without any mechanical consolidation. 

§     Self-Compacting Concrete offers new possibilities and prospects in the context of durability and strength of concrete.

§     As a result of the mix design, some properties of the hardened concrete can be different for SCC in comparison to normal vibrated concrete. 

§     Mix design criterions are mostly focused on the type and mixture proportions of the constituents. 

§     Adjustment of the water/cement ratio and super plasticizer dosage is one of the main key properties in proportioning of SCC mixtures.