the experimental study of self compacting using plantain leaf fish

ABSTRACT

Self-Compacting Concrete is an innovative concrete that does not require vibration for placing and compaction. It is able to flow under its own weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full compaction, even in the presence of congested reinforcement. The hardened concrete is dense, homogeneous and has the same engineering properties and durability as traditional vibrated concrete. Plantain leaf ash are waste and are causing threat to environment in terms of odour and to reduce this problem of this material the project has been undertaken so that it can be used for construction fashion following points attempted

i.                    To study the properties of Plaintain leaf ash

ii.                 To blend to mix or replace cement by different % of Plaintain leaf ash

iii.               To prepare the concrete by replacing the cement by Plaintain leaf ash

iv.                To study the comparativeness

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.7.0   PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESS OF SCC

1.8.0       PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.8.1       SCC POTENTIAL BEYOND CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE

1.8.2       SCC AND MEASUREMENT OF ITS FLOW PROPERTIES

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       LITERATURE REVIEW     

CHAPTER THREE 

3.0       EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

3.1.0   GENERAL    

3.2       INSTRUMENTATION                                

3.3       MATERIALS

3.4       PRELIMINARY TEST        

3.5       WORKABILITY TEST METHOS

3.5.1    ABRAM SLUMP CONE TEST                             

3.5.2   SLUMP FLOW AND T₅₀₀ TEST    

3.5.3   V-FUNNEL TEST

3.5.4  L-BOX TEST 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1   MIX PROPORTION

4.2    WORKABILITY TEST METHOD

4.2.1   V-FUNNEL TEST

4.2.2   L-BOX TEST

4.3.0    OBSERVATION AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 PLANTAIN LEAF ASH IN SCC

5.2 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF SCC WITH NCC

5.3 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS OF SCC

5.4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES

PLATES

APPENDIX

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.5- Chemical composition of O.P.C and plantain leaf ash                            49

Table 3.6- Chemical composition of super plasticizer                                               50

Table 3.7- Particle size distribution of fine aggregate                                               51

Table 3.8- Particle size distribution of coarse aggregate                                         52

Table 3.9- Mixture proportions for plantain leaf ash SCC in kg                             52

Table 4.0- V-funnel test result of SCC with plantain leaf ash                                   53

Table 4.1- L-Box test result of scc with plantain leaf ash                                          53

Table 4.2 – Compressive strength results                                                                     54

Table 4.3- EFNARC Requirement for workability                                                     55

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 1 -   Graph showing particle size distribution of fine aggregate                       56

Fig 2 -   Graph showing particle size distribution of coarse aggregate                 56

Fig. 4 – Graph showing V-Funnel test result on plantain leaf ash                           57

Fig. 5 – Graph showing L-Box test result on plantain leaf ash                                 57

Fig. 6-   Relationship between compressive strength of NCC and SCC                  58

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION TO SCC

Self-Compacting  Concrete  (SCC),  a  relatively  new  category  of  high  performance concrete,  is  proportioned in such  that  the  concrete  freely  passes  around  and  through reinforcement,  completely  fills  the  formwork  and  consolidates  under  its  own  weight without segregation.  The high flowability of SCC makes it possible to fill the formwork without vibration

[Khayat, 1999; Khayat et al., 2004]. 

Developed  in  Japan  in  the  late  1980’s  [Ozawa,  et  al.,  1989], SCC  has  been  a  topic  of research and development  in many  locations, especially  in Japan and Europe  [Ouchi, et al.,  2003].  SCC has been successfully used in numerous applications where normal concrete is difficult to place and consolidate due to reinforcement congestion and difficult access.  Precast, prestressed bridge elements, such as AASHTO Type III girders, have congested reinforcement and tight dimensional geometry, and therefore can benefit from the use of SCC. 

Three  basic  characteristics  are  required  to  obtain  SCC:  high  deformability,  restrained flowability  and  a  high  resistance  to  segregation  [Khayat,  et  al.,  2004].   High deformability  is  related  to  the  capacity  of  the  concrete  to  deform  and  spread  freely  in order to fill all  the space  in  the  formwork.   It  is usually a  function of  the  form, size and quantity  of  the  aggregate,  and  the  friction  between  the  solid  particles,  which  can  be reduced  by  adding  a  high  range  water-reducing  admixture  (HRWR)  to  the  mixture.  Restrained flowability represents how easily the concrete can flow around obstacles, such as reinforcement, and is related to the member geometry and the shape of the formwork.  

Segregation  is  usually  related  to  the  cohesiveness  of  the  fresh  concrete, which  can  be enhanced  by  adding  a  viscosity-modifying  admixture  (VMA)  along with  a HRWR,  by reducing  the  free  water  content,  by  increasing  the  volume  of  paste,  or  by  some Combination of these factors.  

Two general types of SCC can be obtained: 

(1)  Concrete with a small reduction in the coarse aggregate, containing a VMA.

(2)  Concrete with a significant reduction in the coarse aggregate content without any VMA.  

SCC  has  been  claimed  to  offer many  advantages  for  the  precast,  prestressed  industry including  elimination  of  noise  and  problems  related  to  concrete  vibration,  lower  labor cost  per member,  and  faster  casting,  thereby  increasing  productivity. Due to the low water-cement ratio, SCC should have improved to durability and strength.  

Generally, SCC contains a higher cementitious materials  and  lower water-cement  ratio than  conventional  concrete,  and  so  can  provide  relatively  high  strength.   The paste usually includes fly ash, slag, silica fume, or other supplementary cementitious materials, or an inert filler such as limestone powder. The paste content of SCC  is also  relatively high, with  a  reduction  in  the  size  and  quantity  of  coarse  aggregate.  These factors are typically associated with increased creep and shrinkage, and may be related to a reduction in elastic modulus. 

 WHAT IS SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC)?

It is a concrete that can be compacted by its own weight and fills every corners in the formwork and the placing can be done without vibrating compaction. In the plastic state it is very homogenous, cohesive and very flowable.

1.1      WHY IT IS NEEDED?

Concrete is a versatile material extensively used in construction applications throughout the world. Properly placed and cured concrete exhibits excellent compressive-force-resisting characteristics and engineers rely on it to perform in a myriad of situations. However, if proper consolidation is not provided, its strength and durability could be questionable. To help alleviate these concerns, Japanese researchers in the late 1980’s developed a concrete mixture that deformed under its own weight, thus filling around and encapsulating reinforcing steel without any mechanical consolidation. 

§     Self-Compacting Concrete offers new possibilities and prospects in the context of durability and strength of concrete.

§     As a result of the mix design, some properties of the hardened concrete can be different for SCC in comparison to normal vibrated concrete. 

§     Mix design criterions are mostly focused on the type and mixture proportions of the constituents. 

§     Adjustment of the water/cement ratio and super plasticizer dosage is one of the main key properties in proportioning of SCC mixtures.